President Jimmy Carters Record on Civil Rights and Race Relations

When Georgian Jimmy Carter won the 1976 presidential race, no politician from the Deep South had been elected since 1844. Despite Carter’s Dixie roots, the incoming president boasted a large black fan base, having supported African-American causes as a lawmaker in his home state. Four out of every five black voters reportedly backed Carter, and decades later, when the country welcomed its first black president, Carter continued to speak out about race relations in America. His record on civil rights before and after entering the White House reveal why Carter long garnered support from communities of color. A Voting Rights Supporter During his tenure as a Georgia state senator from 1963 to 1967, Carter worked to overturn laws that made it challenging for blacks to vote, according to the University of Virginia’s Miller Center. His pro-integration stance did not prevent him from serving two terms as state senator, but his views may have hurt his gubernatorial bid. When he ran for governor in 1966, an outpouring of segregationists turned out to the polls to elect Jim Crow supporter Lester Maddox. When Carter ran for governor four years later, he â€Å"minimized appearances before African American groups, and even sought the endorsements of avowed segregationists, a move that some critics call deeply hypocritical.† But Carter, it turned out, was simply being a politician. When he became governor the following year, he announced that the time had come to end segregation. Clearly, he’d never supported Jim Crow but catered to segregationists just to win their votes. Appointments of Blacks in Key Positions As Georgia governor, Carter didn’t just verbally oppose segregation but also worked to create more diversity in state politics. He reportedly raised the number of Georgia blacks on state boards and agencies from just three to a staggering 53. Under his leadership, almost half, 40 percent, of public servants in influential positions were African American. Social Justice Platform Impresses Time, Rolling Stone Gov. Carter’s views on civil rights so markedly differed from other Southern lawmakers, such as notorious Alabama Gov. George Wallace, that in 1971 he made the cover of Time magazine, which dubbed the Georgian the face of the â€Å"New South.† Just three years later, legendary Rolling Stone journalist, Hunter S. Thompson, became a fan of Carter after hearing the lawmaker discuss how politics can be used to effect social change. A Racial Gaffe or More Duplicity? Carter sparked controversy on April 3, 1976, while discussing public housing. The then-presidential candidate said that he thought community members should be able to preserve the â€Å"ethnic purity† of their neighborhoods, a statement that sounded like the tacit support of segregated housing. Five days later, Carter apologized for the comment. Had the pro-integrationist really meant to express support of Jim Crow housing, or was the statement just another ploy to get the segregationist vote? Black College Initiative As president, Carter launched the Black College Initiative to give historically black colleges and universities more support from the federal government. â€Å"Other administration education initiatives covered in the collection include science apprenticeships for minority students, technical assistance to black colleges, and minority fellowships in graduate management education,† according to the â€Å"Civil Rights During the Carter Administration† report. Business Opportunities for Blacks Carter also tried to close the wealth gap between whites and people of color. He developed initiatives to give minority-owned businesses a boost. â€Å"These programs focused primarily on increasing the government’s procurement of goods and services from minority business, as well as through requirements for procurement by federal contractors from minority firms,† the CRDTCA report states. â€Å"The aided industries ranged from construction to manufacturing to advertising, banking, and insurance. The government also maintained a program to help minority-owned exporters gain footholds in foreign markets.† Affirmative Action Supporter Affirmative action became a heavily debated topic when the U.S. Supreme Court heard the case of Allan Bakke, a white man denied admission to the medical school at the University of California, Davis. Bakke sued after UC Davis rejected him while admitting less qualified black students, he argued. The case marked the first time affirmative action had been challenged so vigorously. Yet, Carter continued to support affirmative action, which endeared him to blacks. Prominent Blacks in the Carter Administration When Carter became president, more than 4,300 blacks held elected office in the U.S. African Americans also served in the Carter cabinet. â€Å"Wade H. Mc-Cree served as solicitor general, Clifford L. Alexander was the first black secretary of the army, Mary Berry was the top official in Washington on educational matters prior to the establishment of the Department of Education, Eleanor Holmes Norton chaired the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and Franklin Delano Raines served on the White House staff,† according to the Spartacus-Educational website. Andrew Young, a Martin Luther King protà ©gà © and the first African American elected as a Georgia congressman since Reconstruction, served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. But Young’s outspoken views on race caused controversy for Carter and Young resigned under pressure. The president replaced with him another black man, Donald F. McHenry. Expansion from Civil Rights to Human Rights When Carter lost his bid for re-election, he opened the Carter Center in Georgia in 1981. The institution promotes human rights across the world and has overseen elections in a number of countries and curbed human rights violations in places such as Ethiopia, Panama, and Haiti. The center has also focused on domestic issues, such as in October 1991, when it launched the Atlanta Project initiative to address urban social problems. In October 2002, President Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize for â€Å"his decades of untiring efforts to find peaceful solutions to international conflict.† The Civil Rights Summit Jimmy Carter was the first president to speak at the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library Civil Rights Summit in April 2014. The summit commemorated the 50th anniversary of the groundbreaking Civil Rights Act of 1964. During the event, the former president  urged the nation to do more civil rights work. â€Å"There’s still a gross disparity between black and white people on education and employment,† he said. â€Å"A good amount of schools in the South are still segregated.† Given these factors, the civil rights movement isn’t just history, Carter explained but remains a pressing issue in the 21st century.

Ethical Theories Of Ethical Theory - 1461 Words

Alyssa Arias Period 4 Dr. Robertson May 10, 2016 Ethical Theory Throughout Christianity there have been many ethical theories that have contributed in the development of the current ethical theories. Ethical theory is used to help us  ¨do good ¨ and benefit us by creating a solution that is morally correct. Every ethical theory stresses its own distinct ideas which are: anticipating the consequences, and following his or her specific tasks on how to benefit to one another in spite of trying to achieve a decision that is ethically right. In such a case, for an ethical theory to be beneficial to others, it essentially needs to be set to a group of goals. In modern day, many laws impose that through ethical theories we should try to attain an immense amount of good, because many people may benefit from it. Many ethical theories also offer important components to assist with the process of making righteous decisions. There are four different ethical theories that have contributed such relevance in today s current ethical theory. These theories ar e Utilitarianism, New Testament Exegesis, Saint Thomas Aquinas ´ ethical views, and Immanuel Kant s ethical philosophy. Utilitarianism is a doctrine of utility and helps us find the good out of a situation of ethical circumstances. Through utilitarianism, it states that we should try to produce the greatest amount of good, as opposed to all of the evil in the world. One theological thinker who supported this theory was John Gay. He statesShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theory Of Ethical Theories Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesEthical theories are concepts or moral values that dictate whether choices are right or wrong. The two ethical theories that are the most prominent in society are Utilitarianism and Deontology. Utilitarianism is a theory that judges the value of the action as good or bad based on the consequences of the deed, while Deontology believes the motive of the act is more important. When determining the value of the decisions, the variables are based on the guidelines of each ethical theory. This includesRead Moredefend a clear position on whether or not any constraint ought to be placed o n the freedom of a business to:Export capital for production862 Words   |  4 Pages Using at least two (2) of the foundational ethical theories studied in Module 2, you should answer the following questions. With each answer, you should discuss the issues and set forth and defend a clear position on whether or not any constraint ought to be placed on the freedom of a business to: Export capital for production The exporting of capital for production would not be supported by a utilitarian and would be found to be unethical. A utilitarian would argue that by allowing ourRead MoreEthical Theories920 Words   |  4 Pages2. Ethical Theories used to justify Anglo-American’s Obligation to the ethical issue in Chilean Mines 2.1 Virtue Ethics: In virtue ethical theory, an individual is judged by his character rather than by his actions that may deviate from his normal behavior (Fraedrich, Ferrel and Ferrel, 2009). In Chile’s case, application of virtue ethics justifies the following mishaps: Fairness: With Research gathered from the case study, contract workers are assigned much more dangerous tasks with greatRead MoreMoral, Ethical, And Ethical Theories980 Words   |  4 PagesMoral and Ethical theories often conflict with one another. It is hardly ever true that both theories agree with one another. Same is the case for Jean and Pierre. Following the four basic principles of Act Utilitarianism, Rule Utilitarianism, Social Contract Theory, and Kantianism his actions will be discussed in the following paper. Examining his actions, he was in favor of following the moral instinct of Utilitarianism more than any other theory. Rule utilitarianism is a branch of utilitarianismRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Ethical Egoism1423 Words   |  6 PagesEthical egoism is defined roughly by stating how people do things or react to what is in their best interest. This theory gets its meaning because the word â€Å"egoism† derives from the Latin term â€Å"ego†, meaning â€Å"I† in English (Moseley). The motivation of ethical egoism depends on how the situation will act upon one’s self-interest. In this paper, I am going to defend and explain that babies are born with morality of the ethical egoism theory. Ethical egoism stands out from the rest of the ethicalRead MoreEthical Theories Of Ethical Egoism993 Words   |  4 PagesEthical egoism is a consequentialist normative ethical theory. There are two forms of ethical egoism. The first is individual ethical egoism which states that I should act in ways that are in my own best interest. The second form is universal ethical egoism which states that everyone one should act in their own best interest. In both forms, individuals should only consider others interest to the extent that it benefits their own well-being. The determination of morality is based off whether or notRead MoreQuestions On Ethical And Ethical Theories980 Words   |  4 PagesBA 18 Ethical Reflections Throughout the week there were several decisions that I had to make where ethical decision making had to be taken into consideration. There are two main ethical theories that many of us have to decide on everyday which are Consequent based or Duty based. According to Princeton.edu, Consequentialism is â€Å"those moral theories which hold that the consequences of one s conduct are the true basis for any judgment about the morality of that conduct.† Additionally according toRead MoreEthical Theories Of Ethical Leadership1209 Words   |  5 PagesDisadvantages of ethical leadership Despite the positive elements ethical leadership can provide to an organisation, it arguable can cause issues as well. Ethical leadership requires the leader’s ethical framework to fall in line with the vision of the organisation. But it’s not just the leader and the organisation that need to be aligned, the subordinates can find it difficult working in an environment with certain ethical standards. You should be aware by now that ethical behaviour depends onRead MoreEthical And Ethical Theories Of Ethics1103 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Analogy Opinions lead our society. Everyone is entitled to their reasoning and how strongly they feel that their approach to life is the right way. Moral beliefs are the stone foundation behind the way people think and their ethics. Look at morals as code of conduct. Each society has its own moral beliefs but come to an understanding that everyone’s entitled is clear. It’s a rule that’s not writing as a law but more so the common way. The act of a person behavior all falls into theirRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of Ethical Pluralism1484 Words   |  6 PagesWith the numerous ethical theories available, it can become difficult and overwhelming to decipher which one offers the best guidance. Some might seem to be too strict while others may not offer enough of a path to follow. W.D. Ross came up with a path that provides a median between some of the popular theories by introducing the concept of prima facia duties within the idea of ethical pluralism, a form of ethics in w hich there are at least two moral rules. Through explanation of what the prima facia

Workplace Diversity Managers and Employers

Question: Describe about the Workplace Diversity for Managers and Employers. Answer: Introduction Diversity in the workplace is a concept which is yet to be fully understood by many companies. For managers and employers who are unsure about what diversity is, how it can affect their company and why it is important, they need to explore or carry out a research on the topic so as to have a better understanding of it. Diversity in the workplace is when a work environment comprises of employees from different backgrounds with differences in race, ethnicity, and religion. Other factors which contribute to diversity as such as differences in gender, physical ability, educational backgrounds, environment employees come from as well as difference in levels of intelligence. Diversity is advantageous for a company so that they can be able to reach a wider market by incorporation of ideas from different people from different backgrounds. This in return helps the organizations output increase (Martn et al., 2013). In carrying out the research, questions which need to be answered are such as identification of what workplace diversity means, how it benefits the company, how both the employer and employee benefits from implementation of diversity in the workplace and what policies need to be put in place to facilitate for diversity (Canas Sondak, 2013). Research Methodologies and Techniques In order for optimal results to be achieved from this research, there is need for qualitative and quantitative means to be used in carrying out the research. Qualitative means while help in giving the employers a better understanding of diversity in the workplace as a concept and what it entails and it can also help for employers to develop new ideas for implementation in the workplace. Quantitative data collects data which is inclusive of numerical explanations which can be used in giving feedback on attitudes and opinions towards a certain topic of discussion. In determination of the general attitudes collected about a sample of people one can be able to form a basis of whether they will implement diversity in their workplace or not (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). Research Process The process of carrying out research on the topic would require generation of questionnaires which would be given to employees of different companies from which their attitudes and conclusions on diversity in the workplace can be sampled. The research questions can be carried out by the interview questions being sent out to the interviewees or if possible, interviews can be carried out in person. The questions can be both open and close ended questions depending on what the researcher needs more information on. Open ended questions can help in collection of qualitative data where interviewees can give additional information pertaining to their opinions and attitudes on diversity in the workplace. Closed ended questions can be helpful in collection of quantitative data where results can be grouped as per the number of questions who responded in a certain way as per certain criteria set in the interview questions (Creswell Clark, 2007). Data Collection and Analysis Methods Qualitative data can be collected by carrying out individual interviews where the interviewer can be able to ask questions where from the feedback given they can be able to collect deeper information giving better insight on their views and opinions about the topic. Data can also be collected from identification of focus groups as well as their attitudes towards questions asked. An interviewer can collect data by means of observation where they can note body language and other traits when the interviewees are asked different questions. Body language is a tool which can be used in identification of how people react to a certain topic of conversation. For most people, when engaging in a topic they are not interested in they are shifty, are unable to maintain eye contact and they give straight answers without enthusiasm for answering. People who show interest in a topic usually are happier in responding, give additional details, maintain eye contact and are less shifty during the conduc tion of interviews (Barak, 2013). Quantitative data can be collected by means of observation where the interviewer can make mental counts or note down the number of people who respond positively and those who do not respond positively on the subject. It can also be collected by making count of responses returned especially in closed ended questions usually those which are yes or no questions. Survey tools which are digital such as Survey Monkey can be used where questionnaires may be sent to interviewees emails where when they are submitted, the tool can be able to collect and present data according to responses by the interviewees (Creswell Clark, 2007). Expected Research Outcomes By the end of this research, there are expectations of company managers and employers understanding better what diversity in the workplace is and the advantages it has being implemented in their company as well as the cons which arise from its implementation. Giving insight can help them in making better and informed choices regarding employee diversity and they can decide with them reflecting on the data collected and deciding. With insight on the workplace diversity, managers are better placed to make policies which can be put in place if they are convinced to implement diversity in the workplace. Policies set should incorporate a wide range of people and cultures especially those surrounding the business since they are most likely the ones to be employed into the company. They should not however be limited to the surrounding population and should be open enough to incorporate other people who might find interest in the company with tem having different backgrounds (Van Knippenberg et al., 2013). Conclusion There is need for carrying out a research so as to show company managers the importance of diversity in the workplace as well as the advantages it poses for them so that they can be able to harness it and make it work for them. In implementation of diversity, the research should be inclusive of the appropriate policies which would make the work place conducive to work in for people from different cultures without any feeling undermined. This research will be carried out with a purpose of popularization of and creating a better understanding of diversity. References Barak, M. E. M. (2013).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Canas, K., Sondak, H. (2013).Opportunities and challenges of workplace diversity. Pearson Higher Ed. Chrobot-Mason, D., Aramovich, N. P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), 659-689. Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Dipboye, R. L., Colella, A. (Eds.). (2013).Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press. Klarsfeld, A., Booysen, L. A., Ng, E., Roper, I., Tatli, A. (Eds.). (2014).9.78 E+ 12: Country Perspectives on Diversity and Equal Treatment. Edward Elgar Publishing. Martn Alczar, F., Miguel Romero Fernndez, P., Snchez Gardey, G. (2013). Workforce diversity in strategic human resource management models: A critical review of the literature and implications for future research. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 39-49. Van Knippenberg, D., van Ginkel, W. P., Homan, A. C. (2013). Diversity mindsets and the performance of diverse teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121(2), 183-193.

Progressivism Essays (567 words) - Political Ideologies,

Progressivism The Progressive Era The Progressive Era initiated reforms that benefited the individual and the whole society. Industrial and social reforms were launched to benefit the individual and the whole society. Movements were begun to help the individual benefit from the corrupt industrial system . Major reforms were instigated to enhance and preserve the social institution in America. Social reforms were thought needed in order to preserve the social institution in America. The fight against alcohol was a social reform that was begun to help protect the social structure from collapsing. Document 19.5 (Reform as Social Control: Prohibition and the Progressive Movement) stated that alcohol creates disorder in American life. This would support the creation of the Prohibition movement. Also Document 19.5 said that alcohol leads to immoral situations and reforms must be made to preserve values which could sustain the family as a vital social institution. This movement was initiated in order to protect the social structure by keeping the family intact and realizing that the family is the main component of the social system. Womens suffrage was another reform sought by progressives to keep the social system from corruption. Document 19.6 (Womens Suffrage and the Working Class) depicts a poster stating that in order to protect the family and social system the homemakers ( women) must be given a voice/a right to vote. Document 19.6 supports the views that the progressives believed necessary in order to protect the great American society. Industrial reform is another issue that the Progressive Era touched on. Reforms and movements were established to help the individual in the society benefit from the corrupt industrial system. Progressive believed that the industrial system must reformed in order for the individual in the society to be benefited. Document 19.2 (An Industrial Utopia: Looking Backward) supports this idea. The document stated that power in the hands of few, irresponsible men are corrupting the industrial system. A single corporation and one trust should be established in order to protect the common interest and receive a common profit for all individuals in the society. The benefits of the industrial system in the Progressive Era are seen in Document 19.3 (The Changing Economic Order: Shifts in the Work Force). This document shows the increase in the employment rate from 1890-1920 is almost tripled. The area in which a major increase in employment has occurred is in the Manufacturing and Construction. These positive changes support the progressives views and provide evidenc e of progression. Document 19.4 (Varieties of Progressivism: T.R. and Wilson) states that even the two major different progressive leaders support the same views in the topic of industry. They both believe that government should regulate corporations for fair competition and in affect will benefit the society by limiting large number of monopolies. The Progressive Era initiated reforms that benefited the individual and the whole society. The Progressive Eras main goals were to protect and preserve society and to reforms the industrial system as to promote fairness to all. The need to improve America internally was found in progressive reforms. The progressives looked domestically and corrected the problems internally before looking outward at the rest of the world. The Progressive Era was mainly concerned in depicting America as a dominant nation and the progressive knew that is not possible unless the domestic situation was in good status. Thesis and Dissertations