Motivation And Problem Statement Information Technology Essay

Motivation And Problem Statement Information Technology EssayA corridor indoor navigation musical arrangement is proposed for any kind of visual impaired somebodys blind, partially sighted, and people with progressive loss of vision. This organisation after part servicing the visually impaired individuals to travel finished familiar or unfamiliar corridor by apply the Kinect sensor that mounted on the head or holding into hand. This chapter consists of five parts. The five parts s give the axe packing be divided into line statements, view scopes, project targetives, contri only whenions, and rachisground information.1.1 Motivation and Problem Statement opthalmicly impaired individuals leave alone face many difficulties and unrivaled of the common difficulties is when they involve in self-navigating at an environment which is strange for them. In fact, physical movement is one of the giantgest challenges for them. Besides that, dapple they travel nigh or paseo at a cr owded corridor, it may pose great difficulty. One of the existing problems for visually impaired individuals to travel in a corridor is that they cannot encounter either they need to turn left or turn right when r to each oneed to the end of the corridor by using only the locomote queer. According to Saaid M.F 7, to walk at the corridor, the visually impaired individuals must find the border of the sidewalk at the corridor and then use their travel find to define their current location. The reason wherefore the visually impaired individuals do that is because they cannot forecast the obstacle which is far from them while they only can use the walking stick to detect the area around them.1.2 forge ScopeThe scope of this project is to develop a establishment which can friend visually impaired individuals to navigate in the corridor and calculate the aloofness of obstacles. This outline used the sensor of the Kinect to detect the obstacles. Kinect is a low-cost 3D sensor de veloped by Microsoft for the XBOX 360 console which allows the player to use his own bole as the game controller. Besides that, it consists of an RGB camera associated with an infrared transmitter and receiver, which permits to number the distance of the elements taken from the environment. This system using sensor of the Kinect to building the depth map, which can endures the distance of the obstacles detected in front of the visually impaired individuals.1.3 Project ObjectivesIn this project, the main(prenominal) objective is to develop a cheaper in price but get out still maintain with a good functional system for the visually impaired individuals. This system fit to help visually impaired individuals to ward off the obstacles such(prenominal) as people and animal on the corridor same with them and it also can provides the distance of the obstacles in front of them. The aim of this project is to improve the visually impaired individuals ability in finding the direction at the corridor while they are walking rather than just rely on the walking stick to detect all the obstacles manually and waste their time in finding the exactly direction that they want to heading to.1.4 Impact, significance and ContributionThis system is knowing especially for any kind of visual impaired persons blind, partially sighted, and people with progressive loss of vision. This system will give a lot of benefits to the visually impaired individuals especially for those who bind financial problem. According to the researcher Choo, Malaysia has around 60,000 visually impaired individuals and 28,000 of them had registered as a blind and applied to establish the help from the welfare provided in Malaysia. This mean that the function of visually impaired individuals that have financial problem had covered much than half in the total number of impaired visually individuals and this is reason why the system provide is cheaper and affordable by most of the impaired visually in dividuals.More than that, this system able to provide the distance of the obstacles in front of visually impaired individuals by using sensor of the Kinect. It also able delivers the visually impaired individuals the existing direction to help them headed to the right direction. With the system provided, the visually impaired individual able walk at the corridor safety since the system developed is able to be given them along the corridor by providing the information of the surrounding along the corridor. With the system developed the visually impaired individuals also able to improve their own ability or less pendent to the help of other people while walking along the corridor. The reason why the visually impaired individuals can improve themselves into a more self-sufficient individual is because the system able to help them in finding the direction while they are walking at the corridor. Hence, the visually impaired person able to more likes a normal person in their daily life style.1.5 Background InformationNowadays, the tools to financial aid the visually impaired individuals are become very essential because the tools are used to help them to navigate the surrounding in the corridor. According to Casey Helmick 3, those people who are visually impaired individuals often will rely on different tools to help them in locomotion around. Dog guide and walking stick are the most common tools to assist visually impaired individuals in daily life. However, not all of them afford to purchase a guide furrow, since the guide dog is at a quite expensive price take aim and will require consuming their time in training with the guide dog and getting the license and only able travelling around with the guide dog. The training cost and the license cost will also become one of the concern which they cannot afford all the cost plus the guide dog cannot available to enter some airs such as hotel, apartment and hospital and this restrict them to walk smoother at indo or environment with just an assist from the walking stick. Besides that, some of the visually impaired individuals cant be around dogs. 3Furthermore, the visually impaired individuals only can use the walking sticks to estimate and determine the obstacle on the floor along the corridor and the obstacle must be close with their current location since the length of their walking stick is limited. A walking stick may be harder to carry, since its longer than the developed walking stick and because the blind people use walking stick while walking, so they only have one hand free 6. Hence, this cause the visually impaired individuals become inconvenience especially when their hands need carry a lot of items and since one of their hand need carry walking stick, so they may not able to carry all of the items. Besides that, the existing walking stick for visually impaired individuals has the range detection problem. The walking stick cannot detect the distance that much more far away from the individual or the moving objects that moving around the corridor. Unlike normal person they cannot sense the all of the objects and moving objects since they cannot see, so, this causes them a problem when they walk at the corridor. The existing walking stick also cannot assist and help the visually impaired individuals to detect the possible way whether to turn either left or right when they reached to the end of the corridor. To improve the limitation that do exist on the current visually impaired individuals walking stick, the corridor indoor navigation system has been proposed.Chapter 2Literature brush upDue to the inconvenience of walking stick in the corridor, thither are many researchers that have been researching to discover a new way to solve the problem. In this chapter, there are some systems that are reviewed. Some of them are taken from journal or internet.2.1 Ultrasonic Ranging administrationA mobile supersonic ranging system is the system that used to expand the environmental detection range for visually impaired individuals by using the Sona SwitchTM 1700 (Electronic Design and packing, Livonia, Michigan). This sensor uses a pulse of ultrasonic waves to determine the distance to obstacles. There are several(prenominal) hardware are used to set up the system such as AD654 Monolithic Voltage-to-Frequency Converter, 2 small headphone speakers, helmet, 15 volt power source, 2 plastic experimenter boxes, breadboard, resistors, capacitors, and minor circuitry. This project retroverts two modes of detections which is analog and digital mode. The analog mode will give the blind a mental picture around the environment based on the different frequencies and patterns of chirps elicited. The digital mode functions for detection a fundamentally served to alert the blind of nearby obstacles 1.The Ultrasonic Ranging System has less transmission attenuation, strong reflectivity, insensitive to light and electromagnetic. Especially with the appearance of intelligent ranging machines which take micro controller as the core, the ultrasonic detection device has been greatly improved in its detection accuracy, method and application range, and it has become an important part in the intelligent detection field 1.Ultrasonic wave angular misalignment is one of the weaknesses of the system. In order for ultrasonic waves to propagate correctly during the echo respond phase, they must have a perpendicular surface to reflect from. Angular misalignment between the normal of the transmitting and receiving surfaces may cause the measured distance to differ from the actual distance 1. Besides that, the hardware use by the system is expensive because mostly the hardware is manufacture and imported from other foreign countries.Other than that, to write out the problem of ultrasonic angular misalignment, the suggested solution is by using different transmit and receiving ultrasonic transducer pairs. Reducing the size and weight of the ultrasonic sensor would greatly improve the ergonomic capabilities of the system 1.2.2 Point venue Wearable GPS PathFinder systemPoint Locus Wearable GPS PathFinder systemis headinged change as away finding aid for the visually impaired individuals as they travel outdoor. The system communicates in a language of vibrations to the exploiter, so that will be able to guide them. The vibration comes from two vibrating pager motors located on the users triceps. Whenever they need to turn, whichever vibrator is closest to the turn angle will vibrate. Then, the user stops and rotates in that direction, until they feel the vibration from both vibrators. This indicates the user is facing the right direction and should move forward. This signal is repeated every 20 seconds as a reassurance to the user that they are going in the right direction and should continue forward. When a destination is reached, a sustained vibration from both vibrators of 5 seconds indicates this.Point Locus Wearable GPS Pat hFinder systemwill record GPS location data and use the current location of the user, and the desired destination to form a route from one point to the other. This information will be used by a microcontroller to control the vibrator circuits, so they will vibrate at the proper time. 4This system will serve as important tools as one of the most important senses forvisually impairedusers that are the sense of touch. The purpose of the system is to design a product that will be able to aid visually impaired people in a meaningful way. It needs to be something applicatory that compliments their natural adaptations to their disability and extends their limitations. It will be a cost effective solution that improves their way finding ability, making them much more nonparasitic when travelling.By using the sense of touching, rather than audio, the system does not overload one vital sense that is needed as an adapted way to cut oneself. It also does not require vision to put on and adj ust to the right size, because Velcro allows a person to feel out the proper place to attach the straps.This system is to record the GPS location in order to determine the path. The weakness of GPS is ineffective for accurate positioning in indoor environment such as underground, under water, tunnels and so on, because the walls can significantly interfere with GPS transmissions. The lost of signals will make the users feel unsafe because for a visually impaired person they will panic. Furthermore, the visually impaired has lacked the freedom to walk without friend or family member accompany, especially through the unfamiliar environments.2.3 Corridor Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance using Visual PotentialThis system is developing a navigation algorithms that using visual potential for corridor navigation and obstacle avoidance. The visual potential is computed from an image date and optical flow computed from successive images captured by the camera mounted on the robot. The robo t selects a local pathway using the visual potential discovered through its vision system. This algorithm enables mobile robots to avoid obstacles without any knowledge of a robot workspace. Using the visual potential field and optical flow, Naoya Ohnishi defines a control flow for corridor navigation and obstacles avoidance of the mobile robot.The path- readiness problem of a mobile robot is to determine the trajectory. The trajectory is determined as the path from the prick point to the destination point without collision with obstacles in the configuration space. The potential field method 10 yields a path from a chute point to a destination point using the gradient field computed from the potential field derived from the map of the configuration of the robot workspace.On the other hand, the navigation problem of a mobile robot is to determine the robot motion at an arbitrary time 9. In a real environment, the payload of mobile robots is restricted, for example, power supply, efficiency of input devices and computing power. Therefore, mobile robots are required to have simple mechanisms and devices 8.Chapter 3methodological analysis, Implementation Issues and Challenge, Timeline3.1 MethodologyThe methodology that we will use in this project is Prototyping methodology. The reasons why we use this methodology are because the method is easier to understand, more user friendly and the steps are give away structured. The developer will be able to measure up the system continuously until meet the objectives. There are five steps in Prototyping methodology they are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and final system 15. Planning is the process of thought of the reason the system will be built and the requirement. Analysis includes the problem identifying, analysis, predicting potential problems, and how the system will be built. System analysis leads to design decision, determines how the system operates in the term of process, data, hardware and o ther factor. Implementation includes the time when we want to build, tested and also installed. It includes the training and also system maintenance.sdlc_prototype.gifFigure 3.1 Prototyping Methodology tooth root http//www.slepi.net/blog/system-development/system-development-life-cycle-sdlc-methodologies.html, Wiras Adi( February,2008)3.1.1 PlanningPlanning is the first gift of the prototyping methodology. A good project planning will increases the success rate of the project. Project planning is about what activity we needed in this project, and how much time allocate to every single activity. The purpose of this project planning is to show us a big picture how the whole programs flow and the total time needed to complete the project. Grantt chart is one of the tools that we used for schedule the activity. It also helps us track back how much we are delayed.3.1.2 AnalysisIn this stage, developer need to analyse the application looks like, how it functions, how much it cost to mak es a better system. In order to makes a better system, developer need to analyse other existing system to cover their limitation and weaknesses. Developer also needs to analyse the technology involved to make sure the hardware and software system are supported.3.1.3 DesignSystem requirement specifications need to be studied before go to system design. There are many software that can be used for develop the system. This system is developed by using C++ programming languages and Kinect Xbox.3.1.4 ImplementationThis is coding stage. after(prenominal) the design stage, this stage make all feature become functional. First of all, start with preparing all the hardware and software requirement. Install the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 software, and connect with Kinect Xbox. After that start coding and test the result. Several algorithms and software will be used to implements the system. All functions will be tested until it reached the project objectives. There are several way of testi ng can be conduct such as black-box testing, white-box testing, unit testing, system integration testing, and user acceptance testing.3.1.5 Final SystemAfter all the stage has done, this stage will be the delivery stage and maintenance stage. To ensure the visually impaired individuals know how to use it, lesson training will be provided. Whenever the visually impaired individuals find any error, the maintenance service is provided to ensure the system work perfectly.3.2 Implementation Issues and ChallengesIn every project, risks will eer exist because of the issues and challenges that arise in the process of the project. Without any exception, this project also arise some issues and challenges such asTime constrainTime is the main problem. We still need to manage our time with other subjects. To handle this problem, there is the reason to have the project planning.Code and software complexnessCode complexity is another main problem due to our limited knowledge on the C++ language. Software that used to apply in this system also is the problem for us due to we dont have any knowledge about this area. To handle this problem, we need to make a research and study to increase my knowledge in this program.We have faced other difficulty when get the image pixel. The Kinect depth sensors convert the color to black, grey, and white. Black color is unknown area which mean too far or too near. White and grey is detected area. The difficulty we faced is we unable to let the laptop know which is object, which is wall, and which pixel we want get for calculate the distance. (Figure 3.3)3.3 Timeline / Project PlanningProject planning is very important to limit the time that we will use. So, it is a kind of time management for our project. Below, we will describe our project planning for Project 1.Project I TimelineWeek12345678910111213TopicAssignedIdentify problem statement, scope, objective,and backgroundinformationLiterature reviewMethodology and planningProject finaliza tion and proposal submissionProposal PresentationFigure 3.4 Project I TimelineExplanationTopic assignedThe title is assigned by the faculty.Identify problem statement, scope, objectives, and background informationFound the reason why we want to do this project, the scope, and found the information that was useful for us to understand more about this project.Literature ReviewIn this step, we make a research to something that is related to this project and this research more to the journal and other official material.Methodology and planningIn this step, we planned how we want to do our project we determined our steps and followed them.Project finalization and proposal submissionMake a hardcopy of the things that we have understand and read. Then, pass it up to the supervisor.Proposal presentationMake a presentation to our supervisor and also moderator. And prepare a Microsoft power point veer to them.Project II TimelineCurrent WeekWeek1234567891011121314Study the C++ language and so ftwareCode editionTestingThesis documentationFigure 3.5 Project II TimelineChapter 4 emergency Specification4.1 User Requirement4.1.1 Functional Requirementi) Obstacles Avoidance This system able to help user detect the obstacles position.ii) outdo calculation This system will count the distance from user to object detected.iii) Information This system will tell user the objects distance through the earphone.4.1.2 Non-Functional Requirementi) Reliability Recover from failure. A testing plan shall be developed for this purpose.ii) Usability This system shall be easy to understand, easy to learn, and easy to use. It shall simplify tasks to set up and run it.iii) Portability This system shall be portable between computers. Additionally, the software shall be easy to install and remove.4.2 System Performance Definition4.2.1 Hardware RequirementsMicrosoft Kinect XboxLaptop32-bit(x86) or 64-bit(x64) processorDual-core 2.66 GHz or faster processorDedicated USB 2.0 bus2 GB RAM4.2.2 S oftware RequirementsWindows 7 Operating SystemMicrosoft Visual Studio 2010.Net Framework 4.0Microsoft-speech platform SDO v11Kinect for Windows SDK v1.64.2.3 Programming Languages usedC++4.3 Design, Analysis, and Verification Plan4.3.1 Design of Navigation systemThis navigation system is using Kinect Xbox for developed. Kinect itself contain of 2 3D depth sensors, RGB camera, multi-array microphone, and motorized tilt. Kinects sensor can measure the objects distances from 0.6cm to 4cm. Figure 4.3.1 is Kinect Xbox 360, Figure 4.3.2 is the overall outlook of the system.Figure 4.3.1 Kinect Xbox 360Figure 4.3.2 Navigation System Outlook4.3.2 AnalysisIf the system able to assist the blind people successfully navigates in the corridor, we can consider that our project is successful. Besides the main objectives, there are some sub-objectives we need to focus areMove freely without collision with humanAble to avoid collision with the object while travelling along the corridorProvide informa tion to blind people such as the distance of the object4.3.3 Verification PlanTo verify whether the navigation system is met the objectives or not, we put it into real environment for testing. First, we put some object in the corridor, and covered the users eyes, and then ask the user walk along the corridor for testing the system. When the object is detected, the system will start counting the distance of the object, and tell user the objects distance. Besides that, we also test for human avoidance. Example when a human shortly stand in front of the user, is it the system successful to detect the human and tell the user?4.4 System OverviewChapter 6 deduction6.1 Project Review5.0 ConclusionIn this paper, we proposed a system which is indoor navigation corridor system to improve the limitation of the walking stick. The majority of chapter one is about the problem of the walking stick and its weaknesses. Chapter one also covers the project scope, project objectives, contribution, and also background information. The chapter 2 consists of review of researches that have been done in order to improve the limitation of the walking stick (to extend the range of detection).The chapter 3 consists of methodology, tools and timeline. The methodology used in the proposed system has main level, which is low level stage, intermediate stage, and high level stage. The functionality of each stage will be discussed in chapter 3. The tools we using has 2 parts, which is hardware and software.The objective we implements this system is to help the visually impaired individuals avoid the obstacles such as people and animal on the corridor same with them. The aim of this project is to improve the visually impaired individuals ability in finding the direction at the corridor while they are walking rather than just rely on the walking stick to detect all the obstacles manually and waste their time in finding the exactly direction that they want to heading to.